Among new treatment approaches for patients with cancer, few have accelerated as quickly
as neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Neoadjuvant cancer therapy is …

Therapeutic strategies harnessing the immune system to eliminate tumour cells have been
successfully used for several cancer types, including in patients with advanced-stage non …

Cancer of unknown primary has a dismal prognosis, especially following failure of platinum-
based chemotherapy. 10-20% of patients have a high tumor mutational burden (TMB), which …

For patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), dual immune checkpoint
blockade (ICB) with CTLA4 inhibitors and PD-1 or PD-L1 inhibitors (hereafter, PD-(L) 1 …

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), also called CD279, is coded by the PDCD1 gene
and is constitutively expressed on the surface of immune cells. As a receptor and immune …

Immuno-oncology has revolutionized the treatment of metastatic non-small cell lung cancer
(mNSCLC) since the approval of immunotherapy by the US FDA in 2015. Despite the …

Biosensors developed through a sandwich approach have demonstrated favorable
detection performance for exosomal programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (ExoPD-L1) …

HDAC inhibitors, which can inhibit the activity of HDAC enzymes, have been extensively
studied in tumor immunotherapy and have shown potential therapeutic effects in cancer …

Importance Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) plus chemotherapy combination treatment (ICI-
chemotherapy) is now a standard treatment for non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without …

Background Immunotherapy for malignant tumors has made great progress, but many
patients do not benefit from it. The complex intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) hindered the in …