The study of sex differences in the brain is a topic of neuroscientific study that has broad
reaching implications for culture, society and biomedical science. Recent research in rodent …

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are a wide class of disorders of the central nervous
system (CNS) with unknown etiology. Several factors were hypothesized to be involved in …

Prevalence of mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar
disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ) are increasing at alarming rates in our societies …

Volumetric magnetic resonance image (MRI)-based morphometry was performed on the
brains of 30 normal children (15 males and 15 males) with a mean age of 9 years (range 7 …

Diseases and aging-associated alterations of the nervous system often show sex-specific
characteristics. Glial cells play a major role in the endogenous homeostatic response of …

Sex plays a role in the incidence and outcome of neurological illnesses, also influencing the
response to treatments. Despite sexual differentiation of the brain has been extensively …

Due to their chemical properties, steroid hormones cross the blood-brain barrier where they
have profound effects on neuronal development and reorganization both in invertebrates …

Estrogens and androgens can protect neurons from death caused by injury to the central
nervous system. Astrocytes and microglia are major players in events triggered by neural …

In recent years, the knowledge of how estrogen interferes with mammalian brain functions
and development has broadened substantially. In the adult brain, estrogen is not only …

For centuries philosophers and scientists have grappled with the existence and meaning of
the differences between the sexes but the idea that there may be differences between the …