1. The Fundamental Alternatives 2. The First Energy Source for Life (a) Exergonic pyrite
formation (b) The requirement of redox inhibition 3. Pyrite-Surface Bonding 4. Surface …

Understanding the complex world around us is a difficult task and simple principles that
capture essential features of complex natural systems are always welcome. One such …

The immune system is capable of learning, memory, and pattern recognition. By employing
genetic operators on a time scale fast enough to observe experimentally, the immune …

Beginning with a new essay," Levels of Life and Death," Tibor G nti develops three general
arguments about the nature of life. In" The Nature of the Living State," Professor G nti …

The formal structure of evolutionary theory is based upon the dynamics of alleles, individuals
and populations. As such, the theory must assume the prior existence of these entities. This …

We construct a simplified model for the chemistry of molecules such as polypeptides or
single stranded nucleic acids, whose reactions can be restricted to catalyzed cleavage and …

Evolution produces complex and structured networks of interacting components in chemical,
biological, and social systems. We describe a simple mathematical model for the evolution …

In this paper complex adaptive systems are defined by a self-referential loop in which
objects encode functions that act back on these objects. A model for this loop is presented. It …

Complex dynamical reaction networks consisting of many components that interact and
produce each other are difficult to understand, especially, when new component types may …

Systematically explores the early origins and basic definition of life. Investigates the major
theories of the origins of life in light of modern research with the aim of distinguishing …