Operative temperature (Te) and standard operative temperature (Tes) models have been
used to address ecological questions about the thermal biology of ectotherms and …

In absolute terms, flight is a highly energetically expensive form of locomotion. However,
with respect to its cost per unit distance covered, powered flight is a very efficient mode of …

This book has a wider approach not strictly focused on crop production compared to other
books that are strictly oriented towards bees, but has a generalist approach to pollination …

Operative and standard operative temperatures (Tc and Tcs, respectively) are thermal
indices that allow single-number representations of the complex thermal environment. They …

1 Thermal constraints on flight acivity limit the pollinating effectiveness of bees. Each
species of social bee has a microclimatic 'window'within which foraging flight can be …

Insects are the most ecologically important multicellular heterotrophs in terrestrial systems.
They play critical roles in ecological food webs, remain devastating agricultural and medical …

Variation in time (annual and seasonal) and space (between-and within-population) is
examined for the pollinator assemblage of Lavandula latifolia (Labiatae), an insect …

This full-color volume proposes an innovative methodology that uses the functional aspects
of nature to inspire improvements in building design and form, encouraging designers to …

This study examined the daily activity patterns of the pollinators of Lavandula latifolia
(Labiatae), a summer-flowering, insect-pollinated evergreen shrub of Mediterranean …

An activity pattern is the change in levels of a particular activity through time. Activity pattern
data form the basis of much of behavioral ecology for two simple reasons. First, they tell us …