Exploitation of recombinant DNA and sequencing technologies has led to a new concept in
vaccination in which isolated epitopes, capable of stimulating a specific immune response …

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to prevent and/or control the outbreak of
infectious diseases. This medical intervention also brings about many logistical questions. In …

Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) have been employed to reduce the transmission of
severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), yet these measures are …

The outbreak of COVID‐19 led to a record‐breaking race to develop a vaccine. However,
the limited vaccine capacity creates another massive challenge: how to distribute vaccines …

Seasonal influenza is controlled through vaccination campaigns. Evolution of influenza virus
antigens means that vaccines must be updated to match novel strains, and vaccine …

The outbreak of COVID-19 has spurred extensive research worldwide to develop a vaccine.
However, when a vaccine becomes available, limited production and distribution …

Despite vast improvements in global vaccination coverage during the last decade, there is a
growing trend in vaccine hesitancy and/or refusal globally. This has implications for the …

Influenza A virus (IAV) remains a significant global health issue causing annual epidemics,
pandemics, and sporadic human infections with highly pathogenic avian or swine influenza …

Vaccination is one of the most effective interventions in global health. The worldwide
vaccination programs significantly reduced the number of deaths caused by infectious …

The immune responses to influenza, a virus that exhibits strain variation, show complex
dynamics where prior immunity shapes the response to the subsequent infecting strains …