Etiology, transmission and protection: Transmission of HIV, the causative agent of AIDS,
occurs predominantly through bodily fluids. Factors that significantly alter the risk of HIV …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) suppresses HIV-1 replication but does not eradicate the virus.
Persistence of HIV-1 latent reservoirs in ART-treated individuals is considered the main …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) Tat protein, a potent activator of HIV gene
expression, is essential for integrated viral genome expression and represents a potential …

It is generally acknowledged that the Tat protein has a pivotal role in HIV-1 replication
because it stimulates transcription from the viral long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter by …

The efficiency of homologous recombination (HR) in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks
(DSBs) is closely associated with genome stability and tumor response to chemotherapy …

Proliferation of HIV in astrocytes is limited when compared to CD4+ T lymphocytes, but the
molecular mechanisms behind the disparity in cell-specific HIV propagations are unclear. In …

Exosomes play various roles in host responses to cancer and infective agents, and semen
exosomes (SE) inhibit HIV-1 infection and transmission, although the mechanism (s) by …

Background One strategy being pursued to clear latently infected cells that persist in people
living with HIV (PLWH) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is to activate latent HIV infection with a …

HIV-1 infection remains non-curative due to the latent reservoir, primarily a small pool of
resting memory CD4+ T cells bearing replication-competent provirus. Pharmacological …

Background Activation of RNA-dependent stress kinase PKR, especially by viral double-
stranded RNA, induces eukaryotic initiation factor 2 α-chain (eIF2α) phosphorylation …