Background Many common environmental chemicals are mammary gland carcinogens in
animal studies, activate relevant hormonal pathways, or enhance mammary gland …

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are lipophilic compounds that travel with lipids and
accumulate mainly in adipose tissue. Recent human evidence links low-dose POPs to an …

Background Investigators measuring exposure biomarkers in urine typically adjust for
creatinine to account for dilution-dependent sample variation in urine concentrations …

Overadjustment is defined inconsistently. This term is meant to describe control (eg, by
regression adjustment, stratification, or restriction) for a variable that either increases net …

Thyroid hormones are crucial in normal brain development. Transient and mild thyroid
hormone insufficiency in pregnancy is also associated with impaired neurodevelopment in …

Background There is emerging evidence that background exposure to persistent organic
pollutants (POPs) are important in the development of conditions predisposing to diabetes …

Background—Recent studies have raised the possibility of adverse effects of low sodium,
particularly< 2300 mg/d, on cardiovascular disease; however, these paradoxical findings …

The polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are synthetic organochlorine chemicals that were
useful industrial products in the past, but their production was ended because they persist in …

Background Low doses of some persistent organic pollutants (POPs) associate cross-
sectionally with type 2 diabetes, whereas associations with high POP exposures are …

Background Some legacy and emerging environmental contaminants are suspected risk
factors for intrauterine growth restriction. However, the evidence is equivocal, in part due to …