Coral reef ecosystems thrive in tropical oligotrophic oceans because of the relationship
between corals and endosymbiotic dinoflagellate algae called Symbiodinium …

Reef corals (and other marine invertebrates and protists) are hosts to a group of
exceptionally diverse dinoflagellate symbionts in the genus Symbiodinium. These symbionts …

Biological carbonates frequently precipitate out of 18 O and 13 C equilibrium with ambient
waters. Two patterns of isotopic disequilibrium are particularly common.“Kinetic” …

Robert W. Buddemeier and Daphne G. Fautin leaching in organisms such as hard and soft
corals, giant clams, and sea anemones is the loss of pigment associated with their symbiotic …

Given the global degradation of shallow-water coral reef ecosystems resulting from
anthropogenic activities, mesophotic coral reef ecosystems (MCEs) are gaining attention …

Suspended particulate matter (SPM) strongly alters the trophic environment of
photosymbiotic aquatic organisms. At high particles loads, phototrophic energy gains can be …

Mesophotic coral reefs, reefs at depths of 30 m to 150 m, are receiving renewed interest from
coral reef scientists and managers because they are linked physically and biologically to …

Recent widespread bleaching of coral reef anthozoans has been observed on the Great
Barrier Reef, the Pacific coast of Panama, and in the Caribbean Sea. Bleaching events have …

All reef-building corals are obligately associated with photosynthetic microalgal
endosymbionts called zooxanthellae. Zooxanthella taxonomy has emphasized differences …

Elevated seawater temperatures have long been accepted as the principal stressor causing
the loss of symbiotic algae in corals and other invertebrates with algal symbionts …