In mammals, hundreds of proteins use iron in a multitude of cellular functions, including vital
processes such as mitochondrial respiration, gene regulation and DNA synthesis or repair …

Hepcidin, the iron-regulatory hormone, determines plasma iron concentrations and total
body iron content. Hepcidin, secreted by hepatocytes, functions by controlling the activity of …

Despite its abundance in the environment, iron is poorly bioavailable and subject to strict
conservation and internal recycling by most organisms. In vertebrates, the stability of iron …

The major facilitator superfamily (MFS) is the largest known superfamily of secondary active
transporters. MFS transporters are responsible for transporting a broad spectrum of …

The serum level of iron in humans is tightly controlled by the action of the hormone hepcidin
on the iron efflux transporter ferroportin. Hepcidin regulates iron absorption and recycling by …

200 billion red blood cells (RBCs) are produced every day, requiring more than 2× 10 15
iron atoms every second to maintain adequate erythropoiesis. These numbers translate into …

The liver orchestrates systemic iron balance by producing and secreting hepcidin. Known as
the iron hormone, hepcidin induces degradation of the iron exporter ferroportin to control …

Iron is required for many biological processes but is also toxic in excess; thus, body iron
balance is maintained through sophisticated regulatory mechanisms. The lack of a regulated …

Nonclassical ferroportin disease (FD) is a form of hereditary hemochromatosis caused by
mutations in the iron transporter ferroportin (Fpn), resulting in parenchymal iron overload …

Many past and recent advances in the field of iron metabolism have relied upon the
discovery of divalent metal transporter 1, DMT1 in 1997. DMT1 is the major iron transporter …