Threatening the global community is a wide variety of potential threats, most notably
invasive pest species. Invasive pest species are non-native organisms that humans have …

BACKGROUND Contagious pathogens can trigger diverse changes in host social
behaviors, rewiring their social networks and profoundly influencing the extent and pace of …

Treating sick group members is a hallmark of collective disease defence in vertebrates and
invertebrates alike. Despite substantial effects on pathogen fitness and epidemiology, it is …

Entomopathogenic fungus as well as their toxins is a natural threat surrounding social insect
colonies. To defend against them, social insects have evolved a series of unique disease …

All free-living animals are subject to intense selection pressure from parasites and
pathogens resulting in behavioural adaptations that can help potential hosts to avoid falling …

When animals become sick, infected cells and an armada of activated immune cells attempt
to eliminate the pathogen from the body. Once infectious particles have breached the body's …

As chemical pesticides have caused serious environmental pollution, fungus-based
biological control has become a developing alternative to chemical control. Here, we aimed …

Social insects employ a range of behaviours to protect their colonies against disease, but
little is known about how such collective behaviours are orchestrated. This is especially true …

Animals living in large colonies are especially vulnerable to infectious pathogens and may
therefore have evolved additional defences. Eusocial insects supplement their physiological …

Fungus-growing ants depend on a fungal mutualist that can fall prey to fungal pathogens.
This mutualist is cultivated by these ants in structures called fungus gardens. Ants exhibit …