Dopamine regulates reward-related behavior through the mesolimbic dopaminergic
pathway. Stress affects dopamine levels and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the …

The current opioid epidemic is one of the most severe public health crisis in US history.
Responding to it has been difficult due to its rapidly changing nature and the severity of its …

The nucleus accumbens is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and integrates
information from cortical and limbic structures to mediate goal-directed behaviors. Chronic …

Social interaction is a complex behavior essential for many species and is impaired in major
neuropsychiatric disorders. Pharmacological studies have implicated certain …

Advancing perovskite solar cell technologies toward their theoretical power conversion
efficiency (PCE) requires delicate control over the carrier dynamics throughout the entire …

Social behaviours in species as diverse as honey bees and humans promote group survival
but often come at some cost to the individual. Although reinforcement of adaptive social …

Addiction is a chronic relapsing disorder characterized by the loss of control over drug
intake, high motivation to obtain the drug, and a persistent craving for the drug …

It is widely accepted that D1 dopamine receptor–expressing striatal neurons convey their
information directly to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia, whereas D2-expressing …

Cocaine use disorder (CUD) is an intractable syndrome, and rising overdose death rates
represent a substantial public health crisis that exacts tremendous personal and financial …

Dopamine (DA) regulates emotional and motivational behavior through the mesolimbic
dopaminergic pathway. Changes in DA mesolimbic neurotransmission have been found to …