Neonicotinoids (NEOs) are fourth generation pesticides, which emerged after
organophosphates, pyrethroids, and carbamates and they are widely used in vegetables …

Pesticides released to the environment can indirectly affect target and non-target species in
ways that are often contrary to their intended use. Such indirect effects are mediated through …

Growing evidence for global pollinator decline is causing concern for biodiversity
conservation and ecosystem services maintenance. Neonicotinoid pesticides have been …

Neonicotinoid pesticides were first introduced in the mid-1990s, and since then, their use
has grown rapidly. They are now the most widely used class of insecticides in the world, with …

The negative impacts of pesticides, in particular insecticides, on bees and other pollinators
have never been disputed. Insecticides can directly kill these vital insects, whereas …

Biodiversity of insects is threatened worldwide. Here, we present a comprehensive review of
73 historical reports of insect declines from across the globe, and systematically assess the …

New information on the lethal and sublethal effects of neonicotinoids and fipronil on
organisms is presented in this review, complementing the previous Worldwide Integrated …

Seed coating is the practice of covering seeds with external materials to improve handling,
protection, and, to a lesser extent, germination enhancement and plant establishment. With …

It has been suggested that the widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides threatens bees,
but research on this topic has been surrounded by controversy. In order to synthesize which …

Recent efforts to evaluate the contribution of neonicotinoid insecticides to worldwide
pollinator declines have focused on honey bees and the chronic levels of exposure …