The central nervous system (CNS) in different animals develops under the control of genes
that are often conserved both structurally and functionally. The question of whether such …

Cooption and modularity are informative concepts in evolutionary developmental biology.
Genes function within complex networks that act as modules in development. These …

Acorn worms, also known as enteropneust (literally,'gut-breathing') hemichordates, are
marine invertebrates that share features with echinoderms and chordates. Together, these …

The deuterostome phyla include Echinodermata, Hemichordata, and Chordata. Chordata is
composed of three subphyla, Vertebrata, Cephalochordata (Branchiostoma), and …

Cambrian fossil-Lagerstätten (sites of exceptional fossil preservation), such as those from
Chengjiang (Lower Cambrian) and the Burgess Shale (Middle Cambrian), provide our best …

Chordates evolved a unique body plan within deuterostomes and are considered to share
five morphological characters, a muscular postanal tail, a notochord, a dorsal neural tube …

Nous comparons quatre caractères des chordés—la corde nerveuse dorsale creuse, la
notochorde, les fentes branchiales, l'endostyle—des points de vue morphologique …

In mammals, thyroid hormone (TH) signaling is essential for metabolic control, differentiation
and homeostasis. These hormones are also involved in the regulation of metamorphosis in …

A brain, a neural structure located in the head, differs from a ganglion by the following
characteristics:(1) a brain subserves the entire body, not just restricted segments;(2) it has …

Traditional concepts of chordate phylogeny have recently been in turmoil: in a large‐scale
molecular study, the traditional hypothesis that cephalochordates are sister taxon to …