Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a common breathing disorder in sleep in
which the airways narrow or collapse during sleep, causing obstructive sleep apnea. The …

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a
widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible …

The carotid body (CB) is an arterial chemoreceptor organ located in the carotid bifurcation
and has a well-recognized role in cardiorespiratory regulation. The CB contains …

The relationship between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and endocrine and metabolic
disease is unequivocal. OSA, which is characterized by intermittent hypoxia and sleep …

Key points A strong correlation between disordered breathing patterns, elevated
sympathetic nerve activity and enhanced chemoreflex sensitivity exists in patients with heart …

We review the substantial recent progress made in understanding the underlying
mechanisms controlling breathing and the applicability of these findings to selected human …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular (CV)
diseases such as arterial hypertension, heart failure, and stroke. Based on human research …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and hypertension are closely linked conditions. Disordered
breathing events in OSA are characterized by increasing efforts against an occluded airway …

We address adaptive vs. maladaptive responses to hypoxemia in healthy humans and
hypoxic-tolerant species during wakefulness, sleep, and exercise. Types of hypoxemia …

Sleep disordered breathing with recurrent apneas is one of the most frequently encountered
breathing disorder in adult humans and preterm infants. Recurrent apnea patients exhibit …