The human gut microbiota is engaged in multiple interactions affecting host health during
the host's entire life span. Microbes colonize the neonatal gut immediately following birth …

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an acknowledged inflammatory cytokine with a pleiotropic action,
mediating innate and adaptive immunity and multiple physiological processes, including …

Events in fetal life impact long-term health outcomes. The placenta is the first organ to form
and is the site of juxtaposition between the maternal and fetal circulations. Most diseases of …

abstract Gut microbial ecology and function are dynamic in infancy, but are stabilized in
childhood. The 'new friends' have a great impact on the development of the digestive tract …

In brief The syndrome of preterm labor comprises multiple established and novel etiologies.
This review summarizes the distinct immune mechanisms implicated in preterm labor and …

Acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta consist of diffuse infiltration of neutrophils at
different sites in the organ. These lesions include acute chorioamnionitis, funisitis, and …

Background The human placenta has been traditionally viewed as sterile, and microbial
invasion of this organ has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Yet, recent …

The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and has been used
as a biomarker and target in disease prevention and intervention. Currently, the vital role of …

Periodontal diseases are considered not only to affect tooth‐supporting tissues but also to
have a cause‐and‐effect relationship with various systemic diseases and conditions, such …

Over the past decade, the role of the microbiome in regulating metabolism, immune function
and behavior in humans has become apparent. It has become clear that the placenta is not …