Bacteria have to cope with oxidative stress caused by distinct Reactive Oxygen Species
(ROS), derived not only from normal aerobic metabolism but also from oxidants present in …

The urogenital tract is a complex environment composed of many different types of epithelial
tissues and innate immune cells that sample the surrounding milieu. As a host-adapted …

Microbes rely upon iron as a cofactor for many enzymes in their central metabolic processes.
The reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide and hydrogen peroxide react rapidly with …

Iron is both an essential nutrient for the growth of microorganisms, as well as a dangerous
metal due to its capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) via the Fenton reaction …

ABSTRACT Background: After Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 was first found in Japan,
ceftriaxone-resistant strains disseminated globally, and the gonococcal resistance rate …

Exposure to reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a fact of life for aerobic organisms as well as
anaerobes that experience transient exposure to oxygen. Aerobic bacteria produce them as …

Many host-adapted bacterial pathogens contain DNA methyltransferases (mod genes) that
are subject to phase-variable expression (high-frequency reversible ON/OFF switching of …

Exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and other reactive oxygen species is a universal
feature of life in an aerobic environment. Bacteria express enzymes to detoxify H2O2 and to …

The solute binding proteins (SBPs) of prokaryotes are present in the extracytosolic space.
Although their primary function is providing substrates to transporters, SBPs also stimulate …

Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a host-adapted pathogen that colonizes primarily the human
genitourinary tract. This bacterium encounters reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species …