Importance The magnitude and variability of cytokine alterations in depression are not clear.
Objective To perform an up to date meta-analysis of mean differences of immune markers in …

Depression is one of the leading mental illnesses worldwide and lowers the quality of life of
many. According to WHO, about 5% of the worldwide population suffers from depression …

Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies that measured
cytokine and chemokine levels in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) …

Cumulative meta-analyses are used to evaluate the extent to which further studies are
needed to confirm or refute a hypothesis. We used this approach to assess observational …

Cytokines have been implicated in the pathology of depression. Currently, the evidence is
based on cross-sectional studies and meta-analytic research comparing blood …

Context Chronic systemic inflammation in obesity originates from local immune responses in
visceral adipose tissue. However, assessment of a broad range of inflammation-mediating …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common condition that afflicts the general population
across a broad spectrum of ages and social backgrounds. The inflammatory hypothesis of …

The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading around the world and 187 million people have
already been affected. One of its after-effects is post-COVID depression, which, according to …

Background: Obesity and depression co-occur in a significant proportion of the population.
Mechanisms linking the two disorders include the immune and the endocrine system …

Depression is one of the most prevalent, disabling, and costly mental illnesses currently
affecting over 300 million people worldwide. A subset of depressed patients display …