This paper surveys the literature on the definitions and theories of the informal economy (IE).
It outlines the main differences in the definitional approaches of informality and proposes a …

This review examines precarity through two foci. First, I focus on related terms of the
lumpenproletariat and informal economy, each of which have left their mark on the notion of …

COMPARATIVE URBANISM 'Comparative Urbanism fully transforms the scope and purpose
of urban studies today, distilling innovative conceptual and methodological tools. The …

Purpose Although the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic appears to disproportionately
affect those in informal employment, they often receive less government support than the …

Although research on supply chain management has made many valuable contributions,
there is a dearth of empirical evidence and theoretical reflection on the characteristics of …

Why do governments tolerate the violation of their own laws and regulations? Conventional
wisdom is that governments cannot enforce their laws. Forbearance as Redistribution …

Today, there is renewed interest in the informal economy worldwide. This is because a large
share of the global workforce and economy is informal and because the informal economy is …

For more than a decade, co-working spaces have proliferated in cities worldwide. The paper
discusses co-working as a critical urban practice because these spaces give support to the …

The multiple indicator-multiple cause (MIMIC) method is a well-established tool for
measuring informal economic activity. However, it has been criticized because GDP is used …

This study contributes to the existing entrepreneurship literature by demonstrating how
formal and informal entrepreneurship in emerging economies are differentially driven by the …