and tetralogy of Fallot is being repaired at younger ages with smaller right ventricular (RV)
incisions and attempts to preserve competence of the pulmonary valve. Modifications of this …

The use of a central line or central venous catheterization was brought to attention in 1929
when Dr. Werner Forssmann self-inserted a ureteric catheter through his cubital vein and …

Central venous access is a common procedure performed in many clinical settings for a
variety of indications. Central lines are not without risk, and there are a multitude of …

The superior vena cava (SVC) is the largest central systemic vein in the mediastinum.
Imaging (ie, radiography, computed tomography [CT], magnetic resonance [MR] …

The persistence of a left-sided superior vena cava is the most common variant of systemic
venous drainage. Increased utility of cardiac imaging, in particular cross-sectional …

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most common venous anomaly of the
thorax affecting 0.5–2% of the general population. PLSVC with absent right SVC, which is …

Aims The impact of persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) in atrial fibrillation (AF)
patients undergoing radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) is not well known. We …

Anomalies of the thoracic venous system are rare and usually discovered incidentally, but
they become clinically relevant in the case of patients requiring cardiac device implantation …

Variations in the course of the blood vessels are often incidental findings during clinical
examination. Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is an uncommon anomaly …

A persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is the most frequent anomaly of the venous
drainage system. While both a right and left superior vena cava (SVC) are usually present, a …