Droplet-based microfluidic systems generate, manipulate and control sub-microlitre droplets
enclosed within an immiscible carrier fluid. Owing to a number of remarkable features, such …

Directed evolution aims to expedite the natural evolution process of biological molecules
and systems in a test tube through iterative rounds of gene diversifications and library …

Synthetic biology applies genetic tools to engineer living cells and organisms analogous to
the programming of machines. In materials synthetic biology, engineering principles from …

The genetically encoded fluorescent sensors convert chemical and physical signals into
light. They are powerful tools for the visualisation of physiological processes in living cells …

Rational protein engineering requires a holistic understanding of protein function. Here, we
apply deep learning to unlabeled amino-acid sequences to distill the fundamental features …

The optimization of therapeutic antibodies is time-intensive and resource-demanding,
largely because of the low-throughput screening of full-length antibodies (approximately 1× …

Directed evolution has revolutionized biomolecular engineering by applying cycles of
mutation, amplification and selection to genes of interest (GOIs). However, classical directed …

Protein engineering has enormous academic and industrial potential. However, it is limited
by the lack of experimental assays that are consistent with the design goal and sufficiently …

Targeted saturation mutagenesis of crop genes could be applied to produce genetic variants
with improved agronomic performance. However, tools for directed evolution of plant genes …

Harnessing the process of natural selection to obtain and understand new microbial
phenotypes has become increasingly possible due to advances in culturing techniques …