Purpose Consensus group methods, such as the Delphi method and nominal group
technique (NGT), are used to synthesize expert opinions when evidence is lacking. Despite …

To establish a research and development agenda for Entrustable Professional Activities
(EPAs) for the coming decade, the authors, all active in this area of investigation, reviewed …

Abstract Introduction In the Ottawa 2018 Consensus framework for good assessment, a set
of criteria was presented for systems of assessment. Currently, programmatic assessment is …

Despite a lack of intent to discriminate, physicians educated in US medical schools and
residency programs often take actions that systematically disadvantage minority patients …

Objectivity in the assessment of students and trainees has been a hallmark of quality since
the introduction of multiple-choice items in the 1960s. In medical education, this has …

Arguably, constructive alignment has been the major challenge for assessment in the
context of problem-based learning (PBL). PBL focuses on promoting abilities such as clinical …

Assessing learners is foundational to their training and developmental growth throughout
the medical education continuum. However, growing evidence shows the prevalence and …

Health care systems around the world are transforming to align with the needs of 21st-
century patients and populations. Transformation must also occur in the educational systems …

Introduction Direct observation of clinical skills is a key assessment strategy in competency-
based medical education. The guidelines presented in this paper synthesize the literature …

Competency-based, time-variable medical education has reshaped the perceptions and
practices of teachers, curriculum designers, faculty developers, clinician educators, and …