Plants can achieve their proper growth and development with the help of microorganisms
associated with them. Plant-associated microbes convert the unavailable nutrients to …

Heavy metal accumulation in soil and water is one of major problems caused by inorganic
contaminants. Their presence in agricultural soils in high quantities have impacted the food …

Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic
effect on plants, animals, and humans. An increase in several Pb related industrial activities …

Toxic metal contamination of soil is a major environmental hazard. Chemical methods for
heavy metal's (HMs) decontamination such as heat treatment, electroremediation, soil …

Heavy metal exist naturally in environment, but due to human and some natural activities
they have been entered to water bodies, air and soil and have become one of the major …

Lead (Pb) is the second most toxic heavy metal after arsenic (As), which has no role in
biological systems. Pb toxicity causes a range of damages to plants from germination to …

Lead accumulation in soils is of serious concern in agricultural production due to the harmful
effects on soil microflora, crop growth and food safety. In soil, speciation of lead greatly …

Potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), and
arsenic (As), polluting the environment, pose a significant risk and cause a wide array of …

Compound contamination in soil, caused by unreasonable waste disposal, has attracted
increasing attention on a global scale, particularly since multiple heavy metals and/or …

Heavy metals (HMs) are affected by natural and human activities and contaminate the soil
environment, endanger plant growth and pose a serious threat to the ecosystem. HMs …