Nanotechnology is a term for analyzing or artificially creating features with at least one
physical dimension below 100 nanometer (nm), which is 1 Â 10À7 m or 10 millions of a …

The focused ion beam (FIB) is a powerful tool for fabrication, modification, and
characterization of materials down to the nanoscale. Starting with the gallium FIB, which was …

We discuss physical processes underlying the generation of ion beams with high emission
current density in electrohydrodynamic (EHD) emitters based on liquid metals and alloys …

Today, Focused Ion Beam (FIB) processing is nearly exclusively based on gallium Liquid
Metal Ion Sources (LMIS). But, many applications in the μm-or nm range could benefit from …

Ionic liquid electrosprays can emit a polydisperse population of charged droplets, clusters,
and molecular ions at high velocity. Secondary species emission (SSE) is a term that …

Experiments were conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign Electric
Propulsion Laboratory to study the ion-induced secondary charge emission from surfaces …

Ionic liquid ion sources produce molecular ions from micro-tip emitters wetted with room-
temperature molten salts. When a single ion polarity is extracted, counterions accumulate …

We present current emission measurements from arrays of 480 porous ionic liquid ion
source emitters for applications in space propulsion and in the processing and analysis of …

Numerical investigations are presented for an ionic liquid meniscus undergoing evaporation
of ions in a regime of high electric field. A detailed model is developed to simulate the …

Passively fed ionic liquid electrospray sources are capable of efficiently emitting a variety of
ion beams with promising applications to spacecraft propulsion and as focused ion beams …