Despite the high prevalence of performance-enhancing drug (PED) use, media attention has
focused almost entirely on PED use by elite athletes to illicitly gain a competitive advantage …

Arterial stiffening occurs with age and is closely associated with the progression of
cardiovascular disease. Stiffening is most often studied at the level of the whole vessel …

Objective: The development of these guidelines is sponsored by the American Association
of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) Board of Directors and American College of …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is the principal mediator of growth hormone (GH), plays a
crucial role in promoting cell growth and differentiation in childhood and continues to have …

Clinical interpretation of the results of bone turnover measurements is simpler if analytical
preanalytical variability are kept as low as possible. The analytical precision of both manual …

Background and objectives: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) has been on the
list of forbidden substances since availability of its recombinant form improved in the early …

This review examines some interesting 'new'histories of insulin and reviews our current
understanding of its physiological actions and synergy with GH in the regulation of …

Physical exercise is recommended to improve bone mass in growing children and decrease
bone loss in elderly men and women. However, the specific mechanisms by which exercise …

There is widespread anecdotal evidence that growth hormone (GH) is used by athletes for
its anabolic and lipolytic properties. Although there is little evidence that GH improves …

American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists Medical Guidelines for Clinical Practice for
Growth Hormone Use in Growth Hormone-Deficient Adults and Transition Patients – 2009 …