The environment, diet, microbiota and body's metabolism shape complex biological
processes in health and disease. However, our understanding of the molecular pathways …

Environmental pollution is one of the most serious challenges to health in the modern world.
Pollutants alter immune responses and can provoke immunotoxicity. In this Review, we …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is
activated by small molecules provided by the diet, microorganisms, metabolism, and …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a member of the basic helix–loop–helix–(bHLH)
superfamily of transcription factors, which are associated with cellular responses to …

Tryptophan catabolism by the enzymes indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 and tryptophan 2, 3-
dioxygenase 2 (IDO/TDO) promotes immunosuppression across different cancer types. The …

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still unclear. Immune dysfunction
may play a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD, in which the role of CD4+ T helper (Th) cells …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that is best
known for mediating the toxicity and tumour-promoting properties of the carcinogen 2, 3, 7, 8 …

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is widely expressed in immune and non-immune cells
of the gut and its activation has been correlated to the outcome of inflammatory bowel …

Treg play a central role in maintenance of self tolerance and homeostasis through
suppression of self-reactive T cell populations. In addition to that role, Treg also survey …

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of skin barrier function. It also
controls immune-mediated skin responses. The AHR modulates various physiological …