Chitin is the second most abundant biopolymer consisting of N-acetylglucosamine units and
is primarily derived from the shells of marine crustaceans and the cell walls of organisms …

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent degenerative joint disorder, affecting hundreds of
millions of people globally. Current clinical approaches are confined to providing only …

Polymeric systems that provide cationic charges or biocide‐release therapeutics are used to
treat the bacteria‐infected wound. However, most antibacterial polymers based on …

Intrinsic or acquired radioresistance remained an important challenge in the successful
management of cancer. Herein, a novel “smart” multifunctional copper‐based …

Hypothesis Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are the mainstay of immunosuppressive
cells in the tumor microenvironment, and elimination of M2-type macrophages (M2-TAM) is …

Exosomes, as a class of small extracellular vesicles closely related to the biological
behavior of various types of tumors, are currently attracting research attention in cancer …

The administration of medicinal drugs orally or systemically limits the treatment of specific
central nervous system (CNS) illnesses, such as certain types of brain cancers. These …

Nanomedicine is a fast-growing field of nanotechnology. One of the major obstacles for a
wider use of nanomaterials for medical application is the lack of standardized toxicity …

The treatment of breast cancer (BC) is a serious challenge due to its heterogeneous nature,
multidrug resistance (MDR), and limited therapeutic options. Nanoparticle-based drug …

Cancer is a serious disease with an abnormal proliferation of organ tissues; it is
characterized by malignant infiltration and growth that affects human life. Traditional cancer …