For more than 30 years, the association between the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna
scolopes, and the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri has been studied as a model …

Pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) are traditionally known to sense microbial molecules
during infection to initiate inflammatory responses. However, ligands for PRRs are not …

The animal and bacterial kingdoms have coevolved and coadapted in response to
environmental selective pressures over hundreds of millions of years. The meta'omics …

Gut microbiome maintains local gut integrity and systemic host homeostasis, where optimal
control of intestinal lipopolysaccharides (LPS) activity may play an important role. LPS …

Recent years have seen an increase in the number of studies focusing on alkaline
phosphatases (APs), revealing an expanding complexity of function of these enzymes. Of …

The study of molluscan immune systems, in particular those of bivalve molluscs (eg, clams,
oysters, scallops, mussels), has experienced great growth in recent decades, mainly due to …

Since Metchnikoff developed his views on the intestinal microflora, much effort has been
devoted to understanding the role of gut microbiomes in metazoan physiology. Despite …

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase is an evolutionarily conserved system that is pivotal in
controlling gut and systemic inflammation. Its main properties, essentially discovered in …

Glycans have emerged as critical determinants of immune maturation, microbial nutrition,
and host health in diverse symbioses. In this study, we asked how cyclic delivery of a single …

Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are continuously produced by Gram-negative bacteria
and are increasingly recognized as ubiquitous mediators of bacterial physiology. In …