Top–down processing pathways modulate neuronal transmission at the level of the spinal
cord dorsal horn and thus govern, in part, the percept of pain. In health, these descending …

Brainstem to spinal cord noradrenergic pathways include a locus coeruleus origin projection
and diffuse noxious inhibitory controls. While both pathways are traditionally viewed as …

Musculoskeletal pain is an extensive societal challenge, due to the large population
affected, an increased expected life span, and the lack of efficient prevention and treatment …

Descending control of nociception (DCN; also known as conditioned pain modulation [CPM],
the behavioral correlate of diffuse noxious inhibitory controls) is the phenomenon whereby …

Soft tissue injuries often involve muscle and peripheral nerves and are qualitatively distinct
from single-tissue injuries. Prior research suggests that damaged innervation compromises …

The Myeloma X trial provided a platform to explore genetics in relation to systematic
assessment of patient-reported outcomes at key points during salvage treatment in multiple …

Cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) is considered to be one of the most difficult pain
conditions to treat. Morphine, an analgesic drug, is widely used in clinical practice, and long …

Background Bone cancer pain (BCP) is one of the most ubiquitous and refractory symptoms
of cancer patients that needs to be urgently addressed. Substantial studies have revealed …

Pain alerts us to actual or potential tissue damage. During acute pain, our central nervous
system acts endogenously to modulate pain processing, thus reducing or enhancing pain …

Cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth and spreading of abnormal cells. Cancer-
induced bone pain (CIBP) is a significant problem affecting the majority of cancer patients …