Smoking is a major risk factor for a variety of diseases, including cancer and immune-
mediated inflammatory diseases. Tobacco smoke contains a mixture of chemicals, including …

Inflammation is a natural defence response of the immune system against environmental
insult, stress and injury, but hyper-and hypo-inflammatory responses can trigger diseases …

Background Electronic nicotine-delivery systems—also called e-cigarettes—are used by
some tobacco smokers to assist with quitting. Evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of …

Cigarette smoke is a representative source of toxic chemical exposures to humans, and the
adverse consequences of cigarette smoking are mediated by its effect on both neuronal and …

Hemodialysis (HD) patients are at high risk for all‐cause mortality and cardiovascular
events. In addition to traditional risk factors, excessive oxidative stress (OS) and chronic …

Hypodontia, or tooth agenesis, is the most prevalent craniofacial malformation in humans. It
may occur as part of a recognised genetic syndrome or as a nonsyndromic isolated trait …

Diabetes is one of the most common metabolic disorders and emerges secondary to an
interaction between genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. This work provides an …

The global tobacco epidemic is still a devastating threat to public health. Toxic reactive
oxygen species (ROS) in the cigarette smoke cannot be efficiently eliminated by currently …

Obesity increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and premature death. Adipose tissue
releases a large number of bioactive mediators that influence not only body weight …

abstract Cigarette smoking is the leading avoidable cause of disease burden. Observational
studies have suggested an association between smoking and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus …