Insulin is a peptide secreted by the pancreas and plays an important role in the regulation of
glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues. Although the role of insulin in the periphery is well …

Brain insulin signaling contributes to memory function and might be a viable target in the
prevention and treatment of memory impairments including Alzheimer's disease. This short …

Importance Insulin modulates aspects of brain function relevant to Alzheimer disease and
can be delivered to the brain using intranasal devices. To date, the use of intranasal insulin …

The brain has been traditionally thought to be insensitive to insulin, primarily because
insulin does not stimulate glucose uptake/metabolism in the brain (as it does in classic …

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its related disorders like obesity, the abnormal
protein processing, oxidative stress and proinflammatory cytokines will drive the activation of …

Intranasal insulin (INI) has shown promise as a treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD) in
pilot clinical trials. In a recent phase 2 trial, participants with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) …

Worldwide there are over 46 million people living with dementia, and this number is
expected to double every 20 years reaching about 131 million by 2050. The cost to the …

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with impact on brain function through
mechanisms that include glucose toxicity, vascular damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) …

The microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) is mainly identified as a tubulin binding
protein essential for microtubule dynamics and assembly and for neurite outgrowth …

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a set of cardio-metabolic risk factors that includes central
obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemias. The syndrome affects 25% of …