Primary aldosteronism is a common cause of secondary hypertension associated with
excess cardiovascular morbidities. Primary aldosteronism is underdiagnosed because it …

Epidemiological studies have documented that insulin resistance and diabetes not only
constitute metabolic abnormalities but also predispose to hypertension, vascular stiffness …

Obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represent two
intermingling epidemics driving perhaps the greatest unmet health problem in …

Epicardial adipose tissue has unique properties that distinguish it from other depots of
visceral fat. Rather than having distinct boundaries, the epicardium shares an unobstructed …

Cardiac fibrosis remains an unresolved problem in heart diseases. After initial injury, cardiac
fibroblasts (CFs) are activated and subsequently differentiate into myofibroblasts (myoFbs) …

Although intrinsic mechanisms that regulate arterial blood pressure (BP) are similar in men
and women, marked variations exist at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. These …

Endothelial cells control vascular tone by releasing nitric oxide (NO) produced by
endothelial NO synthase. The activity of endothelial NO synthase is modulated by the …

Resistant hypertension (RHTN) is defined as uncontrolled blood pressure despite the use
of≥ 3 antihypertensive agents of different classes, including a diuretic, usually thiazide-like …

We are witnessing a revolution in our understanding of primary aldosteronism (PA). In the
past 2 decades, we have learned that PA is a highly prevalent syndrome that is largely …

The adipocyte-derived adipokine leptin exerts pleiotropic effects, which are essential for the
regulation of energy balance and cell metabolism, for controlling inflammatory and immune …