Cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are highly versatile signalling molecules that control various
important biological processes in bacteria. The best-studied example is cyclic di-GMP (c-di …

CRISPR-Cas is an RNA-mediated adaptive immune system that defends bacteria and
archaea against mobile genetic elements. Short mature CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) are key …

Rfam is a database of RNA families where each of the 3444 families is represented by a
multiple sequence alignment of known RNA sequences and a covariance model that can be …

Bacteria and archaea use CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune systems to defend themselves
from infection by bacteriophages (phages). These RNA-guided nucleases are powerful …

Deciphering physiological changes that mediate transition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis
between replicating and nonreplicating states is essential to understanding how the …

The pathogenic clostridia cause many human and animal diseases, which typically arise as
a consequence of the production of potent exotoxins. Among the enterotoxic clostridia …

Most organisms on the planet have viruses that infect them. Viral infection may lead to cell
death, or to a symbiotic relationship where the genomes of both virus and host replicate …

Clostridium difficile is the prominent etiological agent of healthcare-associated diarrhea. The
disease symptoms range from mild diarrhea to life-threatening pseudomembranous colitis …

ABSTRACT The first International Symposium on c-Di-GMP Signaling in Bacteria (22 to 25
March 2015, Harnack-Haus, Berlin, Germany) brought together 131 molecular …

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial infections. Bacterial persistence in the
gut is responsible for infection relapse; sporulation and other unidentified mechanisms …