Rationale: Beryllium continues to have a wide range of industrial applications. Exposure to
beryllium can lead to sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Objectives …

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes are the most polymorphic in the human genome
and are critical in regulating specific immunity, hence their historical discovery as “immune …

Chronic beryllium disease is an occupational lung disease that begins as a cell-mediated
immune response to beryllium. Although respiratory and engineering controls have …

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology, associated with an
accumulation of CD4+ T cells and a TH1 immune response. Since previous studies of HLA …

The Tenth Edition of Hunter's Diseases of Occupations has been fully revised and updated,
presenting all practitioners considering an occupational cause for a patient's condition with …

Beryllium is an important industrial metal because of its unusual material properties: it is
lighter than aluminum and six times stronger than steel. Often alloyed with other metals such …

Sarcoidosis, in the United States, more commonly and severely affects African Americans.
HLA associations with sarcoidosis have been reported, but most studies used case-control …

In spite of high frequencies of metal allergies, the structural basis for major histocompatibility
complex (MHC)-restricted metal recognition is among the unanswered questions in the field …

Over the past 25 years there have been impressive advances in both the biologic and social
sciences. The sequencing of the human genome [1, 2] and the genomes of several other …

Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is a fibrotic lung disorder caused by beryllium (Be)
exposure and is characterized by granulomatous inflammation and the accumulation of Be …