L-Tryptophan is an essential amino acid required for protein synthesis. It undergoes an
extensive and complex metabolism along several pathways, resulting in many bioactive …

Ketamine produces immediate antidepressant effects and has inspired research into next-
generation treatments. Ketamine also has short term dissociative effects, in which …

The efficacy of standard antidepressants is limited for many patients with mood disorders
such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar depression, underscoring the urgent …

Ketamine is a well-characterized NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonist, although the
relevance of this pharmacology to its rapid (within hours of administration) antidepressant …

Growing evidence suggests that a dysregulation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) occurs in
bipolar disorder (BD). This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at assessing the …

Exogenous administration of inflammatory stimuli to humans and laboratory animals and
chronic endogenous inflammatory states lead to motivational deficits and ultimately …

Under physiological conditions 95% of the ingested essential amino acid tryptophan is
metabolized by the kynurenine pathway (KP) to yield the ubiquitous co-enzyme …

Ketamine, functioning as a channel blocker of the excitatory glutamate-gated N-methyl-d-
aspartate (NMDA) receptors, displays compelling fast-acting and sustained antidepressant …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious psychiatric disorder that in extreme cases can
lead to suicide. Evidence suggests that alterations in the kynurenine pathway (KP) …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is severely prevalent, and conventional monoaminergic
antidepressants gradually exhibit low therapeutic efficiency, especially for patients with …