Conditioned place preference (CPP) continues to be one of the most popular models to
study the motivational effects of drugs and non‐drug treatments in experimental animals …

The prefrontal cortex plays an important role in shaping cognition and behavior. Many
studies have shown that medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a key role in seeking …

The salience network (SN) and default mode network (DMN) play a crucial role in cognitive
function. The SN, anchored in the anterior insular cortex (AI), has been hypothesized to …

Orexins/hypocretins are hypothalamic peptides involved in arousal and wakefulness, but
also play a critical role in drug addiction and reward-related behaviors. Here, we review the …

Drug addiction is a chronic disorder characterized by a high rate of relapse following
detoxification. There are two main versions of the reinstatement model that are employed to …

The default mode network (DMN) is critical for self-referential mental processes, and its
dysfunction is implicated in many neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the …

The central problem in the treatment of cocaine and heroin addiction is high rates of relapse
to drug use after periods of forced or self-imposed abstinence. Relapse can be modeled in …

In humans, adolescent exposure to illicit drugs predicts the onset of adult drug abuse and
suggests that early drug use potentiates vulnerability to drug addiction. Cocaine conditioned …

A recent thrust in drug abuse research is the influence of social interactions on drug effects.
Therefore, the present study examined conditioned place preference (CPP) as a model for …

Accumulating evidence has shown the neuroactive properties of oxytocin (OT), a
neurohypophyseal neuropeptide, and its ability to reduce the abuse potential of drugs. The …