Transcranial (electro) magnetic stimulation (TMS) is currently the method of choice to non-
invasively induce neural activity in the human brain. A single transcranial stimulus induces a …

The combination of pharmacology and transcranial magnetic stimulation to study the effects
of drugs on TMS-evoked EMG responses (pharmaco-TMS-EMG) has considerably improved …

The functional integration of external and internal signals forms the basis of information
processing and is essential for higher cognitive functions. This occurs in finely tuned cortical …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is an established neurophysiological tool to
examine the integrity of the fast-conducting corticomotor pathways in a wide range of …

These guidelines provide an up-date of previous IFCN report on “Non-invasive electrical
and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures …

It has been 30 years since the discovery that repeated electrical stimulation of neural
pathways can lead to long-term potentiation in hippocampal slices. With its relevance to …

Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG)
constitutes a powerful tool to directly assess human cortical excitability and connectivity …

This review presents the neurophysiologic principles and clinical applications of transcranial
magnetic stimulation (TMS) and other related techniques of noninvasive cortical stimulation …

1 Blockade of uptake carriers of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) has been shown to modulate
inhibition in cortical slices of experimental animals, although little is known about this …

Magnetic and electrical stimulation at different levels of the neuraxis show that supraspinal
and spinal factors limit force production in maximal isometric efforts (“central fatigue”). In …