The mortality of organisms exposed to toxicants has been attributed to either stochastic
processes or individual tolerance (IT), leading to the stochastic death (SD) and IT models …

There is continuing debate about the merits of exposure‐based toxicity metrics such as
median lethal concentration (LC50) versus organism‐based metrics such as critical body …

Natural populations are commonly exposed to sequential pulses of contaminants.
Accordingly, this study aimed at testing the existence of an association between the …

Approaches to assess the toxicity of mixtures often use predictive models with acute
mortality as an endpoint at relatively high concentrations. However, these approaches do …

Despite the great progress made in metal-induced toxicity mechanisms, a critical knowledge
gap still exists in predicting adverse effects of heavy metals on living organisms in the …

Predicted no‐effect concentrations (PNECs), which represent the concentration of a
substance below which an unacceptable effect most likely will not occur, are widely used for …

Intent. The intent of Learned Discourses is to provide a forum for open discussion. These
articles reflect the professional opinions of the authors regarding scientific issues. They do …