The success of targeted therapies and immunotherapies has created optimism that cancers
may be curable. However, not all patients respond, drug resistance is common and many …

The CXC chemokine CXCL12 is an important factor in physiological and pathological
processes, including embryogenesis, hematopoiesis, angiogenesis and inflammation …

Inhibition of the chemokine receptor CXCR4 in combination with blockade of the PD-1/PD-
L1 T cell checkpoint induces T cell infiltration and anticancer responses in murine and …

The differentiation shift from osteogenesis to adipogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal
stem cells (BMSCs) characterizes many pathological bone loss conditions. Stromal cell …

Bone marrow mesenchymal lineage cells are a heterogeneous cell population involved in
bone homeostasis and diseases such as osteoporosis. While it is long postulated that they …

Chemokines are chemo tactic cyto kines that control the migratory patterns and positioning
of all immune cells. Although chemokines were initially appreciated as important mediators …

Haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) primarily reside in the bone marrow where signals
generated by stromal cells regulate their self-renewal, proliferation and trafficking. Endosteal …

Stem cell homing is a multistep endogenous physiologic process that is also used by
exogenously administered hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). This multistep …

Unique among leukocytes, neutrophils follow daily cycles of release from and migration
back into the bone marrow, where they are eliminated. Because removal of dying cells …

Macrophages clear pathogens and damaged or aged cells from the blood stream via
phagocytosis. Cell-surface CD47 interacts with its receptor on macrophages, SIRPα, to …