Noise and variability are fundamental companions to ion channels and synapses and thus
inescapable elements of brain function. The overriding unresolved issue is to what extent …

Background: To increase the understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which
massage therapy produces health benefits such as pain relief and anxiety reduction, the …

Many neurons possess more than one spike initiation zone (SIZ), which adds to their
computational power and functional flexibility. Integrating inputs from different origins is …

Bursts of spikes in T cells produce an AHP, which results from activation of a Na+/K+ pump
and a Ca 2+-dependent K+ current. Activity-dependent increases in the AHP are believed to …

By the frequency‐dependent release of serotonin, Retzius neurons in the leech modulate
diverse behavioral responses of the animal. However, little is known about how their firing …

Using the newly developed voltage‐sensitive dye VF2. 1. Cl, we monitored simultaneously
the spontaneous electrical activity of~ 80 neurons in a leech ganglion, representing around …

In response to touches to their skin, medicinal leeches shorten their body on the side of the
touch. We elicited local bends by delivering precisely controlled pressure stimuli at different …

Different cell types are commonly defined by their distinct response features. But several
studies proved substantial variability between cells of the same type, suggesting rather the …

The nervous system of the leech is a particularly suitable model to investigate neural coding
of sensorimotor responses because it allows both observation of behavior and the …

Activation of motoneurons innervating leech muscles causes the appearance of a two-
dimensional vector field of deformations on the skin surface that can be fully characterized …