To date, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory
syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has determined 399,600,607 cases and 5,757,562 …

Abstract mRNA vaccines have emerged as a revolutionary tool to generate rapid and
precise immune responses against infectious diseases and cancers. Compared with …

The recent success of mRNA vaccines in SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is in part due to the
development of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems that not only efficiently express the …

The spread of the SARS-CoV-2 into a global pandemic within a few months of onset
motivates the development of a rapidly scalable vaccine. Here, we present a self-amplifying …

Vaccinology is shifting toward synthetic RNA platforms which allow for rapid, scalable, and
cell-free manufacturing of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. The simple development …

Messenger RNA (mRNA)‐based therapies offer great promise for the treatment of a variety
of diseases. In 2020, two FDA approvals of mRNA‐based vaccines have elevated mRNA …

During the COVID-19 pandemic, mRNA (mRNA) vaccines emerged as leading vaccine
candidates in a record time. Nonreplicating mRNA (NRM) and self-amplifying mRNA (SAM) …

This review will explore the four major pillars required for design and development of an
saRNA vaccine: Antigen design, vector design, non-viral delivery systems, and …

Abstract mRNA vaccines have become a promising platform for cancer immunotherapy.
During vaccination, naked or vehicle loaded mRNA vaccines efficiently express tumor …

Several vaccines have demonstrated efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 mediated disease, yet
there is limited data on the immune response induced by heterologous vaccination …