Background: Many people are exposed to cigarette smoke unintentionally in numerous
places worldwide. Cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide, nicotine, and polycyclic …

Introduction: A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition that includes fluids,
macronutrients, and micronutrients and calories. The liver is one of the most important …

Background: One of the most common reasons for preventable mortality is the smoking
habit. Cigarette smoke promotes the process of atherogenesis by producing oxygen-derived …

Background: Smoking remains the single most common cause of preventable deaths. The
liver is affected by the process of smoking through various inflammatory pathways. This will …

Oxidative substances that contain in cigarettes could cause oxidative stress and change the
lipid profiles in High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) …

Background: A healthy diet provides the body with essential nutrition that includes fluids,
macronutrients, micronutrients, and calories. The liver is one of the most important organs in …

Background: Epidemiological studies have shown a change in blood biochemical
parameters due to short and long exposure to airborne particles. Long Exposure to airborne …

Tobacco is a plant product prepared from dried tobacco leaves, containing the alkaloid
nicotine, which is an extremely addictive drug. 1, 2 In addiction to nicotine, tobacco contains …

Cigarette smoke contains numerous substances containing free radicals and can prompt
oxidative pressure. The buildup of free radicals cannot be neutralized by antioxidants for …

I am equally indebted to my loving husband Dr. Alus Luzah, and our kids, for supporting and
enduring my absence during this period. A big thank you to my brothers and sisters; …