Animal locomotion is the result of complex and multi-layered interactions between the
nervous system, the musculo-skeletal system and the environment. Decoding the underlying …

Neuronal networks within the spinal cord directly control rhythmic movements of the
arms/forelimbs and legs/hindlimbs during locomotion in mammals. For an effective …

Pneumatically actuated soft robots have recently shown promise for their ability to adapt to
their environment. Previously, these robots have been controlled with electromechanical …

Real-world systems in epidemiology, social sciences, power transportation, economics and
engineering are often described as multilayer networks. Here we first define and compute …

Interactions between cervical and lumbar spinal circuits are mediated by long propriospinal
neurons (LPNs). Ablation of descending LPNs in mice disturbs left-right coordination at high …

Spinal interneurons are important facilitators and modulators of motor, sensory, and
autonomic functions in the intact CNS. This heterogeneous population of neurons is now …

Systematic research on the physiological and anatomical characteristics of spinal cord
interneurons along with their functional output has evolved for more than one century …

The spinal locomotor central pattern generator (CPG) generates rhythmic activity with
alternating flexion and extension phases. This rhythmic pattern is likely to result from …

A series of recent studies identified key structures in the mesencephalic locomotor region
and the caudal brainstem of mice involved in the initiation and control of slow (exploratory) …

Speed-dependent interlimb coordination allows animals to maintain stable locomotion
under different circumstances. The V3 neurons are known to be involved in interlimb …