Sphingolipids, including the two central bioactive lipids ceramide and sphingosine-1-
phosphate (S1P), have opposing roles in regulating cancer cell death and survival …

The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of transcription factors is activated by canonical and
non-canonical signalling pathways, which differ in both signalling components and …

BACKGROUND Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a product of membrane sphingolipid
metabolism, is secreted and acts through G protein–coupled S1P receptors (S1PRs) in …

Noncanonical NF-κB signaling differs from canonical NF-κB signaling by being activated
through different cell surface receptors, cytoplasmic adaptors, and NF-κB dimers. Under …

Sphingosine kinases (isoforms SK1 and SK2) catalyse the formation of a bioactive lipid,
sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). S1P is a well-established ligand of a family of five S1P …

Inflammasomes sense cellular danger to activate the cysteine-aspartic protease caspase-1,
which processes precursor interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 into their mature bioactive …

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease of unknown etiology
characterized by distorted distal lung architecture, inflammation, and fibrosis. The molecular …

Abstract Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) is a potent inflammatory cytokine that exerts its
functions through the activation of two distinct receptors, TNFR1 and TNFR2. Both receptors …

Inflammation is a crucial step in the development of chronic diseases in humans.
Understanding the inflammation environment and its intrinsic mechanisms when it is …

Cell death is an essential process that plays a vital role in restoring and maintaining skin
homeostasis. It supports recovery from acute injury and infection and regulates barrier …