Soil flooding creates composite and complex stress in plants known as either submergence
or waterlogging stress depending on the depth of the water table. In nature, these stresses …

Arsenic (As) is a toxic metalloid that adversely affects plant growth, and poses severe risks to
human health. It induces disturbance to many physiological and metabolic pathways such …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a signaling molecule with multiple regulatory functions in plant
physiology and stress response. In addition to direct effects on transcriptional machinery, NO …

Plant nitrogen (N) use is a key component of the N cycle in terrestrial ecosystems. The
supply of N to plants affects community species composition and ecosystem processes such …

Legume nodules contain high concentrations of leghemoglobins (Lbs) encoded by several
genes. The reason for this multiplicity is unknown. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to …

Histone acetylation, which is an important mechanism to regulate gene expression, is
controlled by the opposing action of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases …

Globins (Glbs) are widely distributed in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. They can be
classified into proteins with 2/2 or 3/3 α‐helical folding around the heme cavity. Both types of …

Nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species have emerged as crucial signalling and
regulatory molecules across all organisms. In plants, fungi, and fungi-like oomycetes, NO is …

Cadmium (Cd) causes severe toxicity in plants. However, the molecular mechanisms
underlying plant resistance to Cd in relation to nitrogen (N) supply remain unclear. The non …

Aims: Nitrogen (N) is a necessary nutrient for plant development and seed production, with
nitrate (NO3-) serving as the primary source of N in soils. Although several molecular …