Plasticity, variability and age in second language acquisition and bilingualism

D Birdsong - Frontiers in psychology, 2018 - frontiersin.org
Much of what is known about the outcome of second language acquisition and bilingualism
can be summarized in terms of inter-individual variability, plasticity and age. The present …

A critical period for second language acquisition: Evidence from 2/3 million English speakers

JK Hartshorne, JB Tenenbaum, S Pinker - Cognition, 2018 - Elsevier
Children learn language more easily than adults, though when and why this ability declines
have been obscure for both empirical reasons (underpowered studies) and conceptual …

The critical period hypothesis for L2 acquisition: An unfalsifiable embarrassment?

D Singleton, J Leśniewska - Languages, 2021 - mdpi.com
This article focuses on the uncertainty surrounding the issue of the Critical Period
Hypothesis. It puts forward the case that, with regard to naturalistic situations, the hypothesis …

[图书][B] Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism

C Baker - 2011 - books.google.com
The fifth edition of this bestselling book provides a comprehensive introduction to
bilingualism and bilingual education. In a compact and clear style, its 19 chapters cover all …

Child language: Acquisition and development

M Saxton - 2017 - torrossa.com
Untitled Page 1 Page 2 Page 3 Sara Miller McCune founded SAGE Publishing in 1965 to
support the dissemination of usable knowledge and educate a global community. SAGE …

A burden or a boost: The impact of early childhood English learning experience on lower elementary English and Chinese achievement

S Chen, J Zhao, L De Ruiter, J Zhou… - International Journal of …, 2022 - Taylor & Francis
We examined the effect of learning English as a foreign language in early childhood on
children's later English and Chinese achievement and attitude toward English learning in …

The long‐term proficiency of early, middle, and late starters learning English as a foreign language at school: A narrative review and empirical study

J Baumert, J Fleckenstein, M Leucht… - Language …, 2020 - Wiley Online Library
Throughout Europe, there is a growing trend for students to start learning foreign languages
at elementary school. Although policymakers expect early‐start programs to boost second …

[HTML][HTML] The impact of early foreign language learning on language proficiency development from middle to high school

N Jaekel, M Schurig, I van Ackern, M Ritter - System, 2022 - Elsevier
Early foreign language instruction has become the norm across Europe. Expected benefits
for students include linguistic advantages and ease of learning the second language (L2) …

Age of second language acquisition: Critical periods and social concerns.

D Birdsong, J Vanhove - 2016 - psycnet.apa.org
A classic topic in research on bilingualism across the lifespan is the relationship between
the age at which learners start to acquire a second language (L2) and their ultimate level of …

Using the peabody picture vocabulary test in L2 children and adolescents: effects of L1

C Goriot, R Van Hout, M Broersma, V Lobo… - … Journal of Bilingual …, 2021 - Taylor & Francis
This study investigated to what extent the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT-4) is a
reliable tool for measuring vocabulary knowledge of English as a second language (L2) …