Physical principles and laws determine the set of possible organismal phenotypes.
Constraints arising from development, the environment, and evolutionary history then yield …

Traditional hard robots often require complex motion‐control systems to accomplish various
tasks, while applications of soft‐bodied robots are limited by their low load‐carrying …

Bite forces play a key role in animal ecology: they affect mating behaviour, fighting success,
and the ability to feed. Although feeding habits of arthropods have a significant ecological …

Atta leaf-cutter ants are the prime herbivore in the Neotropics: differently sized foragers
harvest plant material to grow a fungus as a crop. Efficient foraging involves complex …

Animal closing forces such as bite and pinch forces may determine access to food and
mates and are therefore important performance metrics related to fitness. Previous …

In mid rocky intertidal habitats the mussel Perumytilus purpurarus monopolizes the
substratum to the detriment of many other species. However, the consumption of mussels by …

Research that seeks to mimic the complex hierarchical structures of organisms is often
conducted as a technique for breaking through the characteristic limits of materials. The …

The mud crab, Scylla serrata, has huge claws in comparison with its body size. The color of
the claw top's finger surface changes from white to deep-mottled blue, and this discoloration …

The ability to generate large closing forces is important for many animals. Several studies
have demonstrated that bite or pinching force capacity is usually related to the linear …

It is essential to incorporate mechanisms of biotic resistance into predictions of ecological
impact conferred by invasive species. Trophically and functionally analogous native species …