Introduction Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard technique for
gallbladder diseases in both acute and elective surgery. Nevertheless, reports from national …

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a standard treatment for patients with gallstones in the
gallbladder. However, multiple risk factors affect the probability of conversion from …

Cholelithiasis, or gallstones, is one of the most common and costly of all the gastrointestinal
diseases. The incidence of gallstones increases with age. At-risk populations include …

Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the most common elective abdominal
surgery in the USA, with over 750,000 performed annually. Fluorescent cholangiography …

Background: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) has become the standard surgical
procedure for symptomatic gallbladder disease. The aim of this study was to identify factors …

Introduction Difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy (DLC) is a stressful condition for surgeon
which is followed by greater risk for various injuries (biliary, vascular etc.) Preoperative …

Methods This prospective study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital,
Islamabad, Pakistan, including 1081 cholecystectomies, performed over a two-year period …

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Problems during laparoscopic cholecystectomy include
bile duct injury, conversion to open operation, and other postoperative complications. We …

Background: Conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy is required in certain
cases for the safe completion of the operation. Some factors contribute more to the need for …

BACKGROUND: Identification of preoperative factors that indicate difficulties in the operation
are in the function of primary prevention of intraoperative complications and require …