Bax and Bak are members of the Bcl‐2 family and core regulators of the intrinsic pathway of
apoptosis. Upon apoptotic stimuli, they are activated and oligomerize at the mitochondrial …

Apoptotic cell death is widely considered a positive process that both prevents and treats
cancer. Although undoubtedly having a beneficial role, paradoxically, apoptosis can also …

During apoptosis, the mitochondrial outer membrane is permeabilized, leading to the
release of cytochrome c that activates downstream caspases. Mitochondrial outer …

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of endogenous, non-protein coding RNAs that
are highly linked to various cellular functions and pathological process. Emerging evidence …

Mathematical equations are fundamental to modeling biological networks, but as networks
get large and revisions frequent, it becomes difficult to manage equations directly or to …

Cell death plays an essential role in the development of tissues and organisms, the etiology
of disease, and the responses of cells to therapeutic drugs. Here we review progress made …

Evidence has indicated that M2 macrophages promote the progression of cancers, but few
focus on the ability of M2 macrophage‐derived exosomes in pancreatic cancer (PC). This …

Apoptosis in response to TRAIL or TNF requires the activation of initiator caspases, which
then activate the effector caspases that dismantle cells and cause death. However, little is …

When exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) or TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand
(TRAIL), a closely related death ligand and investigational therapeutic, cells enter a …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is known as a mitochondrial disease. Some even regarded it
specifically as a disorder of the complex I of the electron transport chain (ETC). The ETC is …