Oxytocin is a nonapeptide that also serves as a neuromodulator in the human central
nervous system. Over the last decade, a sizeable body of literature has examined its effects …

Intelligent animals devote much time and energy to exploring and obtaining information, but
the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We review recent developments on this …

A large body of work has aimed to define the precise information encoded by dopaminergic
projections innervating the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Prevailing models are based on …

Involuntary movements, or dyskinesia, represent a debilitating complication of levodopa (L-
dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). L-dopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) are ultimately …

Pain is fundamentally unpleasant, a feature that protects the organism by promoting
motivation and learning. Relief of aversive states, including pain, is rewarding. The …

Striatal dopamine plays key roles in our normal and pathological goal-directed actions. To
understand dopamine function, much attention has focused on how midbrain dopamine …

Recent years have seen a rejuvenation of interest in studies of motivation–cognition
interactions arising from many different areas of psychology and neuroscience. The present …

The superior colliculus (SC) has long been known to be part of the network of brain areas
involved in spatial attention, but recent findings have dramatically refined our understanding …

Progressive loss of the ascending dopaminergic projection in the basal ganglia is a
fundamental pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. Studies in animals and humans …

Memory is essential to adaptive behavior because it allows past experience to guide
choices. Emerging findings indicate that the neurotransmitter dopamine, which signals …