Left ventricular (LV) twist or torsion represents the mean longitudinal gradient of the net
difference in clockwise and counterclockwise rotation of the LV apex and base, as viewed …

Heart valves (HVs) are fluidic control components of the heart that ensure unidirectional
blood flow during the cardiac cycle. However, this description does not adequately describe …

▪ Abstract Valvular heart disease is a life-threatening disease that afflicts millions of people
worldwide and leads to approximately 250,000 valve repairs and/or replacements each …

Heart valves (HVs) are cardiac structures whose physiological function is to ensure directed
blood flow through the heart over the cardiac cycle. While primarily passive structures that …

Background—Mitral annulus is a complex structure of poorly understood physiology. Full-
volume real-time 3-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography offers a unique …

The left ventricle twists in systole storing potential energy and untwists (recoils) in diastole
releasing the energy. Twist aids left ventricular ejection and untwist aids relaxation and …

Previous studies using echocardiography in healthy subjects have reported conflicting data
regarding the percentage of the stroke volume (SV) of the left ventricle (LV) resulting from …

The normal mitral valve apparatus is a dynamic 3-dimensional (3D) system that allows brisk
left ventricular (LV) blood-inflow during diastole and ensures unidirectional heart pump …

Objectives: This study tests the hypothesis that hypocontractile, borderzone myocardium
adjacent to an expanding infarct becomes progressively larger and more hypocontractile as …

Background—New surgical strategies to restore the saddle shape of the mitral annulus are
expected to increase annuloplasty effectiveness. Preoperative and postoperative …